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0. Complete issue
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- 1. Calculation of the importance
of quality factors in braille
application process on labels
by screen UV-varnishes
- Pages: 5-8
- Vyacheslav Repeta,
Vsevolod Senkivsky,
Sergіy Piknevych
- Abstract | Download
Abstract
Oriented graph has been drawn in the article according to fixed factors of the
quality of applying Braille screen printing on the label by screen UV-varnishes.
Using hierarchical representation of relationships between factors in the
form of oriented graphs we have ranked the factors of the screen printing
process of Braille elements by UV-varnishes and calculated their corresponding
coefficients. We have found that the most ranked are such factors as the
surface energy of the printing material, the printing speed, the temperature
of UV-varnish and its viscosity. Received results of ranking will enable to synthesize
the model of the process’ priority factors and to reveal the possibilities
of regulations of geometrical parameters of the tactile font elements.
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2. Safety evaluation of the leaching
of metals from the printed
graphic product wastes
- Pages: 9-15
- Savka Adamović,
Miljana Prica, Jelena
Radonić, Maja Turk
Sekulić, Szabolcs Pap
- Abstract | Download
Abstract
Due to the technological development of the graphic production, the environment
is being faced with a large amount of printed graphic product wastes,
especially packaging materials (paper, cardboard, paper and plastic bags,
films, etc), but it is also being faced with the problem of their disposal. Many
printing inks and coatings used in the production of the printed graphic product
contain metals which, after the disposal of graphic waste, can migrate to
different systems and have a negative influence on the environment. Because
of that, the concentration levels of metals (zinc, copper, chromium, cadmium,
lead, and nickel) in the printed graphic product wastes have firstly been determined,
and then the impact of those metals, through their migration from
the printed graphic product wastes to the simulated environmental mediums
with different pH values (acidic and neutral), has been estimated. Based on
the experimentally obtained concentrations of metals that have migrated
from the printed graphic product wastes to the neutral solution and based
on the theoretical distribution coefficient, the concentration of metals in the
soil of illegal and municipal landfills, which represents the contribution to the
overall metal concentration in the soil due to the migration from the waste
printed graphic materials, has been calculated. Also, a comparison between
the experimentally obtained metal concentrations and the literature values
has been conducted, and an evaluation of their influence on the quality of
soil has been given.
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3. Sidebearings analysis of alphabet
letters with complex shape
- Pages: 17-22
- Bojan Banjanin,
Uroš Nedeljković
- Abstract | Download
Abstract
Defining inter-letter space is important part of typeface designing process.
The purpose of defining the letter space is to make them visually equally
distant from each other within words, sentences and paragraphs creating an
even value of grey, without darker or lighter areas. Different approaches for
determining letter space were developed in order to facilitate this demanding
process. Miguel Sousa (2006) and Walter Tracy (2003) proposes their spacing
methods and in paper of De Melo Vargas (2007) and our previous work
(Banjanin & Nedeljković, 2014) these methods were tested. The problems
occur when defining space around letters a, f, g, s, t, z, and S, for which
neither Sousa nor Tracy propose any kind of guidelines (except visual). The
aim of this paper is to measure and analyse spacing values for these letters
and to see if there is some kind of “formula” or some kind of guidelines which
will broaden existing methods in more accurate way. We measured left and
right sidebearings of these 7 problematic letters and established additional
guidelines for defining letter space of those letters more accurately.
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- 4. Practical assessment of veiling
glare in camera lens system
- Pages: 23-28
- Ivana Tomić,
Igor Karlović,
Ivana Jurič
- Abstract | Download
Abstract
Veiling glare can be defined as an unwanted or stray light in an optical
system caused by internal reflections between elements of the camera
lens. It leads to image fogging and degradation of both image density and
contrast, diminishing its overall quality. Each lens is susceptible to veiling
glare to some extent - sometimes it is negligible, but it most cases it leads to
the visible defects in an image. Unlike the other flaws and errors, lens flare is
not easy to correct. Hence, it is highly recommended to prevent it during the
capturing phase, if possible. For some applications, it can also be useful to
estimate the susceptibility to a lens glare i.e. the degree of a glare in the lens
system. Few methods are usually used for this types of testing. Some of the
methods are hard to implement and often do not lead to consistent results.
In this paper, we assessed one relatively easy method for practical evaluation
of veiling glare. Method contains three steps: creating an appropriate
scene, capturing the target image and analyzing it. In order to evaluate its
applicability, we tested four lenses for Nikon 700 digital camera. Lenses used
were with the fixed focal length of 35 and 85 mm and differed by the coatings
of their elements. Furthermore, we evaluated the influence of aperture
on veiling glare value. It was shown that presented method is not applicable
for testing the lenses with short focal length and that the new generation
of lenses, equipped with Nano crystal coatings are less susceptible to veiling
glare. Aperture did not affect veiling glare value significantly.
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