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0. Complete issue
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- 1. Evaluation and Improvement of the CIE
Metameric and Colour Rendering Index
- Pages: 5-12
- Radovan Slavuj
- Abstract | Download
Abstract
All artificial light sources are intended to simulate daylight and its properties
of color rendering or ability of colour discrimination. Two indices, defined by
the CIE, are used to quantify quality of the artificial light sources. First is Color
Rendering Index which quantifies ability of light sources to render colours
and other is the Metemerism Index which describes metamerism potential
of given light source. Calculation of both indices are defined by CIE and has
been a subject of discussion and change in past. In this work particularly,
the problem of sample number and type used in calculation is addressed
here and evaluated. It is noticed that both indices depends on the choice and
sample number and that they should be determined based on application.
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2. Investigation of the accuracy of
close-range photogrammetry –
a 3D printing case study
- Pages: 13-18
- Ognjan Lužanin,
Irma Puškarević
- Abstract | Download
Abstract
3D scanning of physical objects is one of the frequently used methods for
generating input data for 3D printing process. Close-range photogrammetry
represents a cost-efficient alternative to conventional 3D scanning. However,
one of the basic problems in application of this method is accuracy, especially
in the case of small objects with complex geometry. In this case study,
a 3D-printed object of small dimensions was used to test the accuracy and
precision of close-range photogrammetry. CAD Inspection was used to obtain
measurements of the scanned model and compare it with the original CAD
model, while the results were statistically analyzed. The results of statistical
analysis showed that the scanning accuracy in this experiment did not depend
on the particular cross-section of the model, while the precision of 3D
scanning depended on the selection of cross-sectional profile curve.
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3. Correlation between plastic
films properties and
flexographic prints quality
- Pages: 19-25
- Joanna Izdebska,
Zuzanna Żołek-
Tryznowska,
Artur Świętoński
- Abstract | Download
Abstract
The article presents a preliminary study of the correlation between films
properties and flexographic print quality defined as the optical density of
full tone. It is also an attempt to answer the question whether traditional
plastic films can be replaced by biodegradable and compostable films as
printing substrates and as materials for packaging. Four kinds of films
were used in the experiments – two plastic films (PP and PET) and two
biodegradable films (PLA and cellulose). The permeability to water vapour
and oxygen, as well as the tensile strength and elongation at break of the
material were investigated for all samples. The measurements of the contact
angle with water, diiodomethane and printing ink were also conducted
for these films, and their surface free energy was determined. All samples
were printed on laboratory equipment by a flexographic technique using
water-based inks and the optical density of copies was measured. It has
been found that the print quality was determined by the type of film used.
Furthermore, the correlation between optical density and wettability
defined as the contact angle between film and water or printing ink turned
out to be significant. Other important parameter is surface free energy,
albeit to a little lesser extent. The barrier and mechanical properties of the
material have an even weaker impact on optical density. In addition, it is
possible to choose the biodegradable film with properties corresponding
to conventional, commonly used films which enable high quality prints.
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- 4. Influence of the shape on
the consumers perception of
the packaging attributes
- Pages: 27-32
- Gojko Vladić,
Milica Kecman,
Nemanja Kašiković,
Magdolna Pál,
Mladen Stančić
- Abstract | Download
Abstract
Packaging for fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) demands constant
attention in order to stay competitive in modern dynamic markets. FMCG
consumers do not think about the purchasing product until they enter the
place of purchase. This emphasizes importance of the communication in a
place of purchase. Alongside promotional banners, displays and counters,
packaging can be used for this purpose. While in-store promotional banners,
displays and counters represent additional cost, the packaging as the
integral part of the product can be used as an important marketing tool
that does not add to product cost. Thus packaging becomes an important
marketing tool that does not add to product cost. Marketers, distributors
and researchers as well must take into consideration the complexity of
consumer behaviour to achieve desired results. Alongside graphic design,
material, colour, etc. packaging shape is considered as an important tool
for product differentiation and promotion. Having this in mind, it is unclear
why the influence of the packaging shape on the consumer remains the
least examined of all packaging characteristics. The aim of this research is
to understand the influence of packaging shape design on the consumer’s
perception. The survey study conducted among the consumers of the fast
moving consumer goods gave clear insight into the influence of packaging
shape on the perception of packaging characteristics. The results can help to
improve packaging shape design in order to achieve better market impact.
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