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0. Complete issue
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- 1. The impact of packaging transparency on product attractiveness
- Pages: 5-9
- Barbara Sabo, Tina Bečica, Nikolina Keleš, Dorotea Kovačević, Maja Brozović
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of different levels of packaging
transparency on the evaluation of attractiveness of a product within
the packaging, in relation to whether it is a healthy or unhealthy product.
Consumer preferences during buying decision process were also investigated.
The study was conducted by two methods. The first one was related
to consumer preferences and was based on a choice task, while the other
one was related to packaging attractiveness and was based on subjective
evaluation expressed through the Likert scale. Eight samples of packaging
were used. They differed according to product type (healthy and unhealthy),
and the level of transparency (fully transparent packaging, packaging with
two windows, packaging with one window and non-transparent packaging).
According to the results, consumers tend to ignore non-transparent
packaging, regardless the product healthiness. The findings indicate the
importance of thoughtful selection of packaging structure and its material
in design process and launching the food products on the retail market.
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2. Optimization of image screen printing process on film biodegradable packaging
- Pages: 11-17
- Viktoriya Korotka, Svitlana Havenko, Kseniya Bazylyuk
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
The article presents the research results of screen printing technological
parameters to produce high-quality images on oxo-biodegradable film
packaging. Printing parameters that influence the ink layer resistance to
abrasion and the image resolution the most significantly have been set,
analysing the experimental data. A direct linear correlation between the ink
layer resistance to abrasion and the size of a technological clearance as well
as between the image resolution and the lineature of a screen printing plate
mesh has been shown. As a result of the study, mathematical models have
been designed and the optimization of screen printing parameters has been
made, providing high quality imprints with image high resolution, the ink
layer of which is the most resistant to abrasion.
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3. Solvents interactions with thermochromic print
- Pages: 19-25
- Mirela Rožić, Marina Vukoje, Dominik Kapović, Livia Marošević
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
In this study, the interactions between different solvents (benzene, acetone,
cyclohexanone, various alcohols and water) and thermochromic printing ink
were investigated. Thermochromic printing ink was printed on metal surface.
Components of thermochromic printing inks are polymeric microcapsules
and classic yellow offset printing ink. Below its activation temperature,
dye and developer within the microcapsules form a blue coloured complex.
Therefore, thermochromic print is green. By heating above the activation
temperature, blue colour of the complex turns into the leuco dye colourless
state and the green colour of the prints turns into the yellow colour of the
classic offset pigment. The results of the interaction with various solvents
show that the thermochromic print is stable in all tested solvents except
in ethanol, acetone and cyclohexanone. In ethanol, the green colour of
the print becomes yellow. SEM analysis shows that microcapsules are
dissolved. In acetone and cyclohexanone, the green colour of the print
turns into blue, and the microcapsules become significantly more visible.
Thus, the yellow pigment interacts with examined ketones. Based on the
obtained interactions it can be concluded that the microcapsules have more
polar nature than the classical pigment particles. Solvent-thermocromic
print interactions were analysed using Hansen solubility parameters that
rank the solvents based on their estimated interaction capabilities.
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- 4. Use of conjoint analysis to determine the impact of logotype colour, and the type, duration and price of a street performance on consumer purchase decisions
- Pages: 27-34
- Maja Piko, Jani Toros, Urška Stankovič Elesini
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
The aim of our research was to determine how colour impacts the
effectiveness of a logotype for a particular activity and which colour used is
strong, stable, associative and “playful”, and thus the most appropriate for
presenting a selected activity. For the purpose of this research, a logotype
for a circus artist was designed using four colour variations, while conjoint
analysis was used to identify the colour preference of a specific logotype.
Besides colour, three additional attributes were chosen: the type, duration
and price of a performance. Three or four levels were specified for every
attribute. The results of the survey showed that colour is the not the most
important of the four attributes, but that it does have a certain effect
on a customer’s decision. In the analysis, most respondents choose the
red logotype, an outdoor performance, and the longest duration and the
lowest price of a performance. The most important of the four attributes
for respondents was the price of a performance, followed by the duration
of a performance, the content/type of a performance and finally the colour
of the associated logotype. The preference of respondents was improved
by testing combinations of the four attributes and levels, where the colour
blue was replaced with red. The research opens possibilities for further
research regarding the impact of colours on subconscious decisions.
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- 5. Optimization of Cyan flexo dye removal by nano zero-valent iron using response surface methodology
- Pages: 35-45
- Vesna Kecić, Đurđa Kerkez, Miljana Prica, Sanja Rapajić, Anita Leovac Maćerak, Milena Bečelić-Tomin, Dragana Tomašević Pilipović
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
Application of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) as a catalyst in a decolorization
process is a simple and sensitive method for Cyan flexo dye removal from
the aqueous solution. In this paper, a central composite design (CCD), under
the response surface methodology (RSM), was applied in order to optimize
experimental conditions of the Cyan removal from aqueous solution. The
influence of four independent variables was studied: nZVI dosage
(5–45 mg L-1), initial dye concentration (2–14 g L-1), pH (2–10) and removal
time (20–100 min), in order to build second order quadratic model and to
predict the responses. The highest removal percent of 96.35% was attained,
and the optimum parameters are achieved after 1h/24h precipitation: nZVI
dosage (5/45 mg L-1), initial dye concentration (2/14 g L-1), removal time
(20/100 min) and pH (2/10). The Cyan removal efficiency of 38% and 62%
were estimated under optimized experimental conditions.
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- 6. Performance evaluation of paper embossing tools produced by fused deposition modelling additive manufacturing technology
- Pages: 47-54
- Gordana Delić, Gojko Vladić, Magdolna Pál, Bojan Banjanin, Sandra Dedijer
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
From its beginnings, up to a few years ago, additive manufacturing
technology was able to produce models or prototypes which have limited
use, because of materials mechanical properties. With advancement and
invention of new materials, this is changing. Now, it is possible to create
3D prints that can be used as final products or functional tools, using
technology and materials with low environmental impact. The goal of this
study was to examine opportunities for production of paper embossing tools
by fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing. This study emphasises
the use of environmentally friendly poly-lactic acid (PLA) materials in FDM
technology, contrary to the conventional method using metal alloys and
acids. Embossing of line elements and letters using 3D printed embossing
tools was done on six different types of paper. Embossing force was applied
using SHIMADZU EZ-LX Compact Tabletop Testing Machine. Each type
of paper was repeatedly embossed using different values of embossing
force (in 250 N increments, starting at 1000 N) to determine the optimal
embossing force for each specific paper type. When determined, the optimal
embossing force was used on ten samples for each paper type. Results
of embossing were analysed and evaluated. The analysis consisted of
investigating the effects of the applied embossing force and characteristics
such as paper basis weight, paper structure, surface characteristic and
fibre direction of the paper. Results show that paper characteristics
determine the embossing force required for achieving a good embossing
result. This means that with the right amount of embossing force, letters
and borderlines can be equally well formed by the embossing process
regardless of paper weight, surface characteristics, etc. Embossing tools
produced in this manner can be used in case of the embossing elements
that are not complex. The reason for this is the limitation of FDM
technology and lack of precision needed for fine details. However, if the
form is simple enough, results of pleasing quality can easily be achieved.
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