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0. Complete issue
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- 1. Analysis of quality factors for digitization process of old books
- Pages: 5-10
- Olena Tsimer, Vyacheslav Repeta, Ihor Myklushka
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
The digitization process of old books is one of the measures to preserve
the cultural heritage of mankind and to make them accessible to a large
audience. The task of creating a high quality digital copy of an old book is
quite complex and it depends on many factors. Thus, the analysis of the
factors that determines the quality of the digitization process has been done,
the models of relationships between the factors have been constructed and
their priority has been established with the help of the method of factors
ranking using the hierarchical representation of relationships between
them in the form of graphs, the calculation of the corresponding weight
coefficients and the expert survey with its interpretation in a fuzzy form.
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2. Environmental impact of printing inks and printing process
- Pages: 11-18
- Cem Aydemir, Samed Ayhan Özsoy
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
In the Printing Industry, printing inks, varnishes, lacquers, moistening
solutions and washing solvents (ethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate,
isopropanol, n-propanol, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, isopropyl
acetate, propyl acetate, dimethyl ketone, glycols and glycol ethers)
contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air pollutants (HAPs).
Especially solvent based inks used for flexo, gravure and screen printing,
offset printing dampening solutions and cleaning solvents contain high
concentration of VOC. These organic compounds evaporate during the
production process or contribute to the photochemical reaction. VOCs and
HAPs, together with sunlight and nitrogen oxides, cause photochemical
smoke, air particles and ground level ozone emission in the atmosphere.
The VOCs and heavy metals can lead to soil and even water pollution
when left in landfill. The amount of solvent retained by flexo, gravure and
screen-printed products is 3-4% of total ink solvent used. The solvent in
the printed ink content, except for the one held by the printed material
evaporates in its own environment after the printing process. Most of these
solvents and organic compounds used in printing environment contain
at least one carbon and hydrogen atom and have negative effects on
health and environment.In this study, the environmental impacts and risks
of inks and solvents used in the printing industry have been evaluated.
Measures to be taken to reduce and manage these environmental effects
and risks have been addressed and recommendations have been made.
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3. Innovative and sustainable toothpaste packaging design
- Pages: 19-30
- Anastasia Malea, Anastasios Tzotzis, Athanasios Manavis, Panagiotis Kyratsis
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
Oral care products and especially toothpastes, are vital for the human daily
hygiene. Nowadays tooth brushing is, without a doubt, an integral part of preventative
dentistry, but on the other hand the extensive use of toothpastes
has a great impact on the environment. Traditional toothpaste tubes have
many negative aspects, in terms of usage and recycling. Their modest size,
mixed and merged materials, remnant toothpaste inside toothpaste tubes
and other tube based containers, make them difficult to disassemble and
recycling almost impossible. The main objective of this study, is to investigate
the disadvantages of the toothpaste packaging and the proposal of new
innovative packaging solutions, which will not only reduce the environmental
impact that traditional toothpaste tubes cause, but will also be user-friendly.
In this paper, a combination of literature survey and market research is being
presented. Finally, based on the findings and well-established techniques, a
number of innovative, user and environmental friendly toothpaste packaging
is proposed.
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4. An investigation on printability of different solvent based inks by gravure printing onto various substrates
- Pages: 31-36
- Arif Ozcan, Rasim Zulfigaroglu
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
Gravure printing is an intaglio printing process, the image to be printed is
engraved on the surface of the gravure cylinder, so that the image to be
printed is embedded into the surface. The places engraved in the cylinder
during printing are filled with ink, surplus of ink is stripped by a blade and
separated for reuse. Print quality consistency and efficiency is high in gravure
printing. It is also possible to print on different substrates. Ink systems,
viscosity, surface properties of substrate material and dot structures on
the gravure cylinder are the main factors that determine the print quality.
Appropriate inks can be chosen depending on the material to be printed
and finished product used area. Mostly solvent based inks are used. The
aim of this study is to determine the solvent that can enable higher quality
printing on different substrates, which are frequently used in the gravure
printing system, and to investigate the conditions under which the ink-substrates
interface relationship can be the best in terms of printability.
In this study, IGT F1 laboratory type gravure testing machine was used.
Polyethylene and polypropylene printable films are used as the substrate
materials. Three different solvent-based inks are used, prepared with ethyl
alcohol, ethyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol. Density, contact angle, surface
energy and gloss properties of the printed materials were examined. The
printability properties of selected substrates and inks have been determined.
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5. Competencies of the present-day Graphic Designer: A document analysis of online job ads in Ghana
- Pages: 37-46
- Nicholas Opoku, Edward Appiah, Patrique deGraft-Yankson
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
This study sought to provide an overview of the competencies required by
employers in advertising for graphic design position in relation to interactive
design in Ghana. This was done in the context of the dynamism
of graphic design profession with current technological advances. Both
thematic and content analysis were used to analyse online job advertisements
collected within eight months to determine the patterns and
frequencies of occurrence of specific requirements for the job position
relating to graphic design. This was to better understand employers’
expectations from the graphic designer in terms of designing for interactivity
and the implications for graphic design pedagogy. Findings from the
study revealed that, traditional graphic designers in Ghana will now have
to acquire skills in interactive design and competencies associated with
them. These include among others, responsive design, problem-solving,
coding skill, software skills, creativity, CMS tools, project management and
personal characteristics. Beyond these, request for skills in coding, knowledge
in responsive design, knowledge in content management system
tools, software skills and teamwork are the most frequently expected skills
from the present day graphic designer. We end the paper by suggesting
how our study could trigger graphic design pedagogy development.
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6. Tone Reproduction Curve: rendering intents and their realization in halftone printing
- Pages: 47-60
- Yuri V. Kuznetsov, Andrey A. Schadenko, Vycheslav V. Vaganov
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
Approaches to determining the Tone Reproduction Curve (TRC) which
provides the reliable transfer of visual information in typical conditions
of the halftone gray scale compression in relation to dynamic range
of a graphic original or input image file are overviewed. The issues
of such curve realization are also analyzed with taking into account
the specifics of multiple stages of illustrative printing technology.
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7. Investigation of anilox roller cell clogging
- Pages: 61-67
- Arnas Savickas, Rimantas Stonkus, Eugenijus Jurkonis
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
One vital component in the flexo inking system of high-line screen engraving
technologies is anilox rollers. These deliver a precise and consistent
amount of ink during the process of flexography, making it possible to
produce high-resolution prints of exceptional quality. However, as print
quality continues to improve, printing houses are experiencing more frequent
problems with anilox rollers, such that ink transfer during printing
operations is being unpredictably reduced. Due to the lack of research
into anilox rollers there is insufficient objective information on how to
maintain them at peak performance and condition. This study investigates
the clogging of anilox roller cells (without assessing cell wear) in a number
of printing houses in the Baltic States. Cell clogging of anilox rollers
was determined depending on cell size, ink type and washing method.
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