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0. Complete issue
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1. Use and analysis of UV varnish printed braille information on commercial packaging products
- Pages: 5-15
- Slaven Miloš, Đorđe Vujčić, Igor Majnarić
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
This paper investigates the possibility of reproducing Braille by UV ink-jet
printing on self-adhesive labels, previously printed by flexo printing technology.
The aim was to determine whether it is possible to reproduce Braille,
the degree of quality of created Braille dots (cells), the legibility of Braille
text, and how many layers of varnish are necessary for quality reproduction.
The Braille letter was applied to the previously printed label (design)
using 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 layers of varnish. It has been found that it is
possible to reproduce a quality and legible Braille. With the increase in the
number of layers, the assessment of legibility and quality of reproduction
by the respondents also increased. Samples reproduced with 12 layers of
varnish received a very good grade of legibility and good grade for quality
of Braille. Samples reproduced with 8 and 10 layers received bad grades
for legibility, and even worse for quality, while samples with a higher
number of layers of varnish, 14 and 16, received even better grades. The
threshold for quality reproduction would therefore be the use of 12 layers
of varnish, where a good ratio of workmanship and economy is obtained.
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2. Statistical evaluation of a Color Managed Digital Printing Workflow (CMDPW) consistency [4th C of CMW]
- Pages: 17-31
- Haji Naik Dharavath
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
The purpose of this applied research was to determine the Color Managed
Digital Printing Workflow (CMDPW) consistency (4th C of the color
management) over a period of time [100 days, (N = 100)]. The quality of
digital color printing is determined by these influential factors: screening
method applied, type of printing process, calibration method, device
profile, ink (dry-toner or liquid-toner), printer resolution and the substrate
(paper). For this research, only the color printing attributes such as the
overall average color deviation [ACD, ΔE (2000)] and the solid ink density (SID)
were analyzed to examine the CMDPW process consistency in a day-today
digital printing operation. These are the color attributes which are
monitored and managed for quality accuracy during the printing. Printed
colors of the random sample size (n = 80) were measured against the
GRACoL2013 standards to derive the colorimetric/densitometric values.
Reference colorimetric values used in the analysis were the threshold
deviations (acceptable color deviations) as outlined in the ISO12647-7
standards (GRACoL2013). A control charts analysis was applied for further
determining the process (CMDPW) SID and ACD variation. The data collected
were run through multiple software applications (MS-Excel/SPSS/Minitab)
to apply various statistical methods. Analyzed data from the experiment
revealed that the printed colorimetric values were in match (aligned)
with the GRACoL 2013 (reference/target). Since the SID values of CMYK
colors were in control throughout the process, this enabled the CMDPW to
produce consistent acceptable color deviation (Average Printed ΔE (2000) =
2.978; SD = 0.437; Acceptable Threshold color deviation is ΔE (2000) ≤ 3.00).
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3. Influence of packaging design parameters on customers’ decision-making process
- Pages: 25-37
- Minja Malešević, Mladen Stančić
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
Many recent research has focused on graphic design and shape of the
packaging, and their effects on the customer's decision-making process
as two separate categories. Since the shape of the packaging along with
the graphic design plays an important role in the visual appearance of the
packaging and attracts the customer's attention, the main objective of this
research was to find out which packaging shapes and graphic elements
customers find most attractive, as well as to understand the general
opinion of customers about the influence of packaging aesthetics on their
decision-making process when purchasing a product. Methodology of this
research was conducted in two stages, from which the first one included
creating three different graphic design solutions combined with three
shape categories, and three variations of added value, for the same food
packaging. The second part of the research covered an online questionnaire,
in which a group of 50 people participated. This questionnaire focused on
three variables: graphic design of the packaging, packaging shape and
it’s added value. These variables were evaluated using the Likert scale.
Through the questionnaire, participants were asked to answer general
questions about the impact of the packaging visual appearance and added
value, on their decision-making process when buying a product, as well
as to choose the most appealing packaging between the given options.
The research results showed that customers preferred non-standard
packaging shapes and simple graphic design, as well as packaging with
added value. The results of this research prove that the aesthetics of
packaging has an impact on the customer's perception of a product, which
means that packaging plays an important role in product marketing.
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4. Per-pixel displacement mapping using cone tracing with correct silhouette
- Pages: 39-61
- Adnane Ouazzani Chahdi, Anouar Ragragui, Akram Halli, Khalid Satori
- Abstract | Download | View
Abstract
Per-pixel displacement mapping is a texture mapping technique that adds
the microrelief effect to 3D surfaces without increasing the density of their
corresponding meshes. This technique relies on ray tracing algorithms to find
the intersection point between the viewing ray and the microrelief stored in
a 2D texture called a depth map. This intersection makes it possible to determine
the corresponding pixel to produce an illusion of surface displacement
instead of a real one. Cone tracing is one of the per-pixel displacement mapping
techniques for real-time rendering that relies on the encoding of the
empty space around each pixel of the depth map. During the preprocessing
stage, this space is encoded in the form of top-opened cones and then stored
in a 2D texture, and during the rendering stage, it is used to converge more
quickly to the intersection point. Cone tracing technique produces satisfactory
results in the case of flat surfaces, but when it comes to curved surfaces,
it does not support the silhouette at the edges of the 3D mesh, that is to say,
the relief merges with the surface of the object, and in this case, it will not be
rendered correctly. To overcome this limitation, we have presented two new
cone tracing algorithms that allow taking into consideration the curvature
of the 3D surface to determine the fragments belonging to the silhouette.
These two algorithms are based on a quadratic approximation of the object
geometry at each vertex of the 3D mesh. The main objective of this paper is
to achieve a texture mapping with a realistic appearance and at a low cost
so that the rendered objects will have real and complex details that are visible
on their entire surface and without modifying their geometry. Based on
the ray-tracing algorithm, our contribution can be useful for current graphics
card generation, since the programmable units and the frameworks associated
with the new graphics cards integrate today the technology of ray tracing.
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