MEĐUNARODNI SIMPOZIJUM GRAFIČKOG INŽENJERSTVA I DIZAJNA

Abstract:
This paper deals with significant permanent monitoring of the development trends in the world and need for education and further specialisation of the specialist from our country in the field of graphic industry. Preview of world development trend in graphic technology was made and possibility of evaluation and continual control in our enviroment. Experience in development were evaluated and suggestions are given for a concept for development which can give us a chance to involve in a world of graphic technology leaders.
Keywords:
education, graphic technology

Abstract:
The digital workflow requires that a digital proof be produced in such a way that it simulates the printing process correctly. For verification, a small colour control device is placed on the page to be proofed. The question is whether the colour patches of the device effectively monitor the rendering of the total gamut. If so, the correct rendering of the control device with regards to specified target values and tolerances means that the particular proof can be accepted as a contract proof. Colour control devices have been designed and developed by FOGRA to check for visual, densitometric and colorimetric conformance to specifications for “standard” proof and production printing. A special project was launched to evaluate the question: “How representative are colour control devices for the whole gamut?”. The results and conclusions of this project are presented in this paper. The Ugra/FOGRA Media Wedges, versions “CMYK” and “CIELAB”, have since been introduced and their use is now required by the German Printing and Media Industries Federation (BVDM) for the control of the colour data exchange.
Keywords:
digital proof, colour control, gamut

Abstract:
Állami Nyomda Rt., (State Printing House Co. Ltd.) in keeping with its 150-year tradition, is still primarily a manufacturer of security products and documents. Throughout its history, Állami Nyomda has manufactured its products using the highest standards and the latest available technology. Today, customers expect a more colorful appearance not only from traditional printed matter, but also from specialized print media. Customers insist on identi-cal brand colors, in order to show consistency of quality. Maintenance of identical colors on security documents is compulsory. The media used in manufacturing is usually security paper or plastic. The colors of the original can undergo major changes during printing and prepar-ing these materials. This fact, and the necessity of getting approval for final print quality from customers, made the introduction of digital color management crucial.
Keywords:
color management, special print media

Abstract:
Janecke+Schneemann, German manufacture of printing ink has , in year 2003., has promoted on the market a new generation of colours for sheet- fed offset printing – High body colours, which should give us better proof then original picture. The main purpose of this paper is to check is it possible to use an ISO 12647-2 standard with this colours in offset printing technics.
Keywords:
High Body, density, dot gain, contrast

Abstract:
The ICC profile creation in the colour management system for the specific combination of printing press and the used materials includes all the factors which influence the accurate colour rendering. These factors which influence the reproducible colour gamut are: printing press, used materials as paper, blanket, printing inks and the combination of the colorant types, optical density and trapping. In this paper ICC profiles for one printing press and three different types of paper and a proof were made, and the analsys of their color gamut was studied. On the basis of these comparasment we determined that with the standardization of some values as optical density of colours, printing press, the one of the biggest influence on the reproducible color gamuts has the structural and surface properties of paper.
Keywords:
colour management, paper, colour gamut

Abstract:
The influence of the paper quality and the ink-jet printing technology on the quality of prints was studied using different methods: Penetration - Dynamics Analyser - PDA, Camag Video Documentation System (CCD camera), Slit-Scanning densitometer and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Two different types of papers were used; ICP Permanent Paper and HP Photo Premium Paper.Measurements with densitometer in the remission mode and PDA indicate higher intensity of colours on H paper. These show that surface of the H paper is like a foil. Tests of permanence and durability of colour prints showed that the HP Premium Photo Paper is not optical and colour durable; the borders of black colour prints become red.Compared to densitometer, the results obtained by CCD camera gave more information about the radial distribution of the ink on the paper. CLSM give surprising information about ink penetration in z-direction.
Keywords:
ink jet, paper quality, interaction

Abstract:
Colour Management System is usually synonymus with software when it acts as a translation service between a device that can record or display relatively large colour space (having a large colour range), such as cameras, scanners and monitors, and a device that can record only a relatively small colour space, such as printing presses and proofers.Halftone dot sizes for a printed picture are determined by the CMS using two files – one that caracterises the colour space of the digitised picture, the input profile, and the other the CMYK colour space and print characteristics embodied in the output profile. It is far better to optimise and standardise the production processes first before printing the CMS testforme and making an output profile. Printing with a standard CMS ICC output profile gives good rasult and can save money.
Keywords:
Input profile, Output profile,CMS Testform

Abstract:
The changes that appear on the printing plate surface and which directly influence the quality of reproduction can be monitored using several methods. One is by defining and observing the changes of the surface roughness on the printing plates during the printing process. The surface roughness has been defined by several parameters, which were measured on the nonprinting areas, before the print run, after 1000 prints and after the print run. The changes of the conventional and the CtP printing plate surfaces under the same printing conditions were investigated and compared. The measurings have shown that the values of the surface roughness parameters on the nonprinting areas during the printing process were balanced. Measured values have shown the appearance of micro tracks during the printing process as well as the adhesion wear of the surface with the micro smoothing of the peaks, thus changing the primary surface structure.
Keywords:
Micro structure, Printing plate, Roughnes

Abstract:
In this paper microscop analysis of halftone dots on CtP printing formes was made. Halftone dots in the fields of 2% and 98% were compared to estimate correct reproduction in bright and dark tones on conventional and thermo printing plates.
Keywords:
visual control, CtP, halftone dot

Abstract:
Modeling end visualisation of object, today in the world wide is inconceivable without computer aided design and graphics. This paper represent two most commonly used methods for interpretation of object and theirs mathematical elements. The feature of methods, and theirs use, have been given at the conclusion.
Keywords:
curve, surface, computer graphics.

Abstract:
This paper gives a review of the basic reqirements that product and its package have to fulfill from the aspect of graphic design in order to achieve good marketing placement. The relevance of product’s good looking for its marketing placement and advantages which follow from that was pointed out.
Keywords:
graphic design, product’s good looking

Abstract:
In modern society that we live in, we are surrounded by a multitude of products whose only objective is to find their way to a consumer. Nicely designed book, a poster, children’s coloring book, daily newspapers and package always attract attention. Of all graphics products, packaging occupies a prominent position. The packaging and the graphical presentation of a product are significant factors in a process of manufacturer-to-consumer communication. The packaging has to be attractive, easy to handle, of appropriate size etc. The design of packaging represents a vital part of marketing strategy and it contributes to the successful placement of a product on the market.
Keywords:
graphic design, packaging

Abstract:
The introductory part stresses the role and the importace of graphic design through visual identity. The second part offers short instructions and means of creating of protected sign and logo. According to the experience and successful solvings, there have been pointed out the difficulties which can occur during the process of design as well as during its implementation. The last part involves the conclusions.
Keywords:
visual identity, sign, logo

Abstract:
During the process of making cans from sheets, the printed design can suffer, as sheets cannot support the complexity of design that paper can. It is therefore common practice to start by performing »grid pattern« testing on a couple of sheets where, instead of the actual graphical design, single-coloured grids are printed. This is followed by the deep drawing of sheets. The aim of this paper is established an accurate correlation between the deformation of dots on the printed sheet with offset printing and the calculated deformation of the actual sheet.
Keywords:
sheet, dot, deep drawing

Abstract:
In this work it is given the overview of the condition of the label industries in the developed countries, above all in EU. Label is one of the informational and decorative elements of the wrapping material. It has to be formed and marked so that it contains all the information of interest for the customer, that is with the attractive look to attract the attention of the buyer and to arouse the attention and need for buying. Manufacture of the labels is on paper bases or polymer materials. The development of some technologies is reflected in the use of ecological materials. Polymer materials have better ecological balance from the paper, because during the process of making, application and recycling it is used less raw material, energy and less contamination of the natural environment. Based on analysis of the progress of some technologies it is given the prognosis of the future development. Special turn (review) is given to the technologies of the label industries on the heat-shrinking films base form polypropylen, polystiren and polyester.
Keywords:
labeling technologies, heat-shrink labels

Abstract:
Benchmarking is one of the most contemporary method for continuous improvement of business processes of companies. The main aim of benchmarking is to get the informations which enable the company continuous improvement. Information’s which enable companies improvement of their competitive position can be get from the leadings companies, wherever their located. A large number of companies in the world use benchmarking to be as successful as their competitors. A review of benchmarking process is given in this article, with particular accent on competitiveness improvement of graphical enterprises.
Keywords:
benchmarking, continuous improvement, competitiveness

Abstract:
Narrow web offset printing features a vision into production of final product with in-line finishing possibilities. We compared from the technical aspects the web and sheet fed offset printing, from the aspect of economical value of investments and the production of the quality product shows that web offset printing has better advantages.
Keywords:
Web printing, in-line finishing, economy

Abstract:
In 1990es digital technology become integral part of product realization processes, including printing industry. Development of science and market demands are bringing new techno-logical solutions in all phases of the production. Effective business is market driven where reaction time, quality and price are the key points of success. Production process is becoming faster, market of low-circulation products is increasing. An integral part of the successful management in marketing race is fast and quality production and well calculated price. Reasons for failure of the printing house are, on one side, insufficient reaction time and low production quality, and on the other side, unaccurate prices too high or too low.In conditions of fast changes printing houses need tools which will, based on input data, provide timely information on managing firm affairs. Program ProGraphics guarantees to the users fast, effective and efficient quote, what would result in increased competitiveness. Using this program is automatizing generation of work orders, and gives possibility of fast mana-gement analysis. In longterm, sucessful management analysis guarantees adaptation of the printing house to new technological solutions.
Keywords:
quoting, work order

Abstract:
This paper represents the literature data of world and national trade in waste paper, influence of recycling, legislation, grades of waste paper, sources of waste paper and repeatedness of recycling process. Paper recycling produces degradation of some properties, mainly, flexibility, strength and whiteness but from the ecological and economical aspects it is the best way of waste paper treatment. In our country system of collection, refinement and distribution of waste paper is not well organized. This way of waste paper treatment is far away from the systems of concern in EU countries and United States. These countries treat this problem throughout numerous legislation and technical-technological safeguards.
Keywords:
recycling, ageing, waste paper

Abstract:
The paper represents a possibility of photocatalytic activity of TiO2 in waste water treatment for both inorganic and organic pollutants. Using hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) and methylen blue (MB) as model substrates we discussed aspects of heterogeneous photocatalysis with TiO2 as a photocatalyst. We show that a given TiO2 samples may not be simultaneously optimal for photocatalytically driven reduction of Cr(VI) and the oxidation of MB. We further show that a TiO2 sample that strongly adsorbs either of these substrates in the dark is not optimal as a photocatalyst. From this aspects it could be concluded that for a moment this photocatalysts is not applicabe for a graphic industry waste water treatment.
Keywords:
waste water, photocatalysis, titanium-dioxide.

Abstract:
Flame retardants are added to different materials (plastics, paints, textiles, electrical housing, electronic appliances, building materials, etc.) to increase their resistance to ignition and thus make them more fire-safe. The use of flame retardans is of great importance for grafic and paper industry, as well as for the storage. Despite the great protection flame retardants offer, they proved to be hazardous to enviroment, beacuse they can relatively easily leach out during their life-time, even if no fire is involved.
Keywords:
flame retardants, polybrominated biphenyls

Abstract:
Introduction to the basic types of photopolymer printings formes from the aspect of form making
Keywords:
Photopolymer, printing formes

Abstract:
1. INK COMPOSITION: Resins, Pigments, Solvents, Plastifiers, Additives, Characteristics of the resins: Solubility, Film forming properties, Compatibility with other resins: Reactivity with pigments, Pigments wetting, Solvent retention,Adhesion on films,Thermoresistance, Characteristincs defined by solubility: Viscosity, Transparency, Printability, Solvent retention, Characteristics defined by film film forming properties: Homogeneity, Transparency, Gloss, Thickening. Characteristics defined by behaviour with the pigments: Colour strenght, Surface appearance, Settling. Characteristics defined by adhesion to films: Use of primer, Use of adhesion promoters, Suitability to surface/lamination printing, Characteristics defined by thermoresistance: Surface/lamination printing, Heat sealing resistance, Resistance at thermal processes (pasteur./steril.) Characteristics of colorants ink composition: Hue, Hiding power/transparency, Light and chemical fastness, Reactivity with resins and solvents, Main inorganic pigments: Titanium dioxide, Zinc sulphide, Aluminium powder, Bronze powder, Mica derivates, Main organic pigments: Monoazoics, Diazoics, B.O.N. Derivates,Phtalocyanines, Carbon black, Main Characteristics of the solvents: Price, Toxicity, Odour, Wide resin solubility, Evaporation rate, Recovery/treatment , Ink viscosity depends on: Kind and quantity of the resins, Kind and quantity of the pigments, Kind of solvents,, Main effects of the plastifiers: Reduction of ink brittleness, Increasing of adhesion on film, Increasing of printability, Better solvent release, Main additives: Antiblocking, Antifoaming, Antiscratch, Antisettling, Wetting agents for pigments, Adhesion promoters, Slip modifiers. 2. SURFACE TENSION : Surface tension values (corona treated films): BOPP38 - 40 dynes/cm, PET 48 - 52 dynes/cm, OPA 48 - 50 dynes/cm. 3. DYES, Excellent metallic effect on alufoil, Purity of shades, Low effect of solid applied on transparency, Not possible overlapping of different inks, Not suitable for overcoating or lamination, General low fastness. 4. Pigments, Wide selection of shades, Suitable for overcoating and lamination, Suitable for maximum resistance, Lower purity of shade, Lower transparency, Lower colour strenght. 5. VARNISHES: Primers or pretreatment varnishes: Adhesion on the film, Water resistance, Thermal resistance (frozen/heat), Chemical resistance, Overprint varnishes: Gloss, Slip (c.o.f.), Heat resistance, Chemical resistance, Blocking resistance, Release effect, Surface resistance, ,Sealing varnishes:Adhesion on film, Seal property on film or face to face, Mts (min. Sealing temperature), Slip (c.o.f.), Blocking resistance, Chemical resistance 6. TYPICAL TEST PROCEDURES I.R.: spectrometry, C.o.f. test, Dynanometric tests, Migration test, Gaschromatography.
Keywords:
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