GRID Simpozijum 2008
Dragoljub Novaković, Igor Karlović, Ratko Obradović
NEW TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT GRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY
Abstract:
Actual trends of development in graphic technology are always been in the focus of interes for
those who are developing as well as for those who are taking advantage from it. Condition
and trends have been a decisive factor in production and destination to development. In this
paper an attempt is made to present and answer questions on to challenges of the present
moment and the future.
Keywords:
development, graphic technology
Grgeor Franken
FUTURE OF PRINTING ON EUROPEAN AREA
Abstract:
Numerous printing companies are exploiting the opportunities furnished by the European
market, but there is severe competition among the printers in their home countries, as well as
among other businesses within Europe. To maintain low costs of labour, the printers not only
relocate their operations within Europe, they also move to China, although Europe has
become an important new market for China. China has become one of the leading countries in
the printing industry, but it is trying to go a step further through technological innovation.
Keywords:
Europe, China, Printing
Blaž Rat, Klementina Možina
PROMOTION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILES
Abstract:
The entire graphic image is just one part of the symbol identity system which incorporates
exclusively organized visible stimulations which are included in art structures by graphic
designers. The principal purpose of the research paper is the creation of the entire graphic
image that covers study programmes Textiles Technology, Graphic Arts Technology and
Textiles Design of the Department of Textiles at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and
Engineering of the University of Ljubljana, which thus offers a solution to many years of
unrecognizability among professionals and public. When preparing the research paper, the
knowledge of art rules, the determination of the strategic definition and the research which
was carried out to define organization’s realistic identity played an important role. Within the
research, we created promotional materials that were used at the presentation of study
programmes at the “doors open day” in 2008. Finished materials had to include the textile
and graphic area as individual fields and at the same time combine them into a whole. We had
to make materials interesting and creative for the young who are our target group. At the
same time, these materials had to be ‘serious’ enough to serve as general promotional
material and to be well accepted among partners and other (potential) institutions which the
department could cooperate with.
Keywords:
entire graphic image, promotional material, Department of Textiles at University
of Ljubljana
Rossitza Velkova
THE BALKAN PRINT FORUM – CONTRIBUTING TO A BALANCED DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINTING INDUSTRY IN THE BALKAN REGION
Abstract:
The Balkan Print Forum (BPF) is an initiative of the Bulgarian Printing Industry Federation
and manroland AG, world's leading printing systems manufacturer. The First BPF took place
in Bulgaria at the end of October 2006. The main item on the agenda was the formation of a
Forum made up of the printing associations of the Balkan countries. Co-initiator manroland
AG took over the patronage of the project. The Second BPF took place in November 2007 in
Greece, and the Third Forum – in October 2008 in Turkey. Participants in the Forum are
managers and members of the National Printers Federations of Albania, Bosna and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia, Greece,
Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Turkey. With the support of the patron a programme
for joint activities and mutual assistance is planed to start at the beginning of 2009.
Keywords:
Balkan Print Forum
Gorazd Golob, Boštjan Zajc, Miroslav Gojo
COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF FOUNTAIN SOLUTIONS' IN OFFSET PRINTING
Abstract:
Fountain solution used in offset printing technique comprises of water and additives which
improve its characteristics and satisfy the printing requirements. There are several
parameters which have to be stressed: absolute hardness, carbonate hardness of solution, pH
value of solution, electric conductivity. Because of their ability they could cause certain
differences in general characteristics of fountain solution.
The aim of this research was comparison of the fountain solutions' used in sheet and web
offset in which the mentioned parameters were added in different concentrations.
33
Absolute hardness and carbonate hardness were measured with Merck test, pH value and
electric conductivity with pH-meter and conductometer, respectively. The tests were made at
the room temperature of 20 °C.
Results have shown that additive for the regulation of water hardness directly cause changes
in absolute and carbonate water hardness, as well as changes in pH value and electric
conductivity. In addition, additives used in preparation of fountain solution cause differences
in its chemical parameters. Depending on additive type, pH value decreases with apparent
puffer activities. Considering the fact that those additives dissociate in water, the number of
charge bearer increases and consequently, cause the increasing of electric conductivity. The
addition of the surface active component 2-propanol has not caused any significance changes
in pH value neither in water hardness, but it has caused the decreasing of the electric
conductivity. pH value and electric conductivity are the only parameters that can be measured
during the printing process which enable regulation of the fountain solution content and
consequently, the adjustment of the printing process quality.
Keywords:
fountain solution, offset printing, pH value, specific electric conductivity
Sandra Dedijer, Živko Pavlović, Dragoljub Novaković, Milica Savković
THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCTION FACTORS OF THERMAL CTP FLEXO PLATE ON FORMATION OF PRINTING ELEMENTS OF DIFERET TONAL VALUES
Abstract:
One of the relevant elements which defines flexoprinting process is a printig plate. In order to
anticipate print quality, it is nessesary to control and examine all the variables which influence
printing plate production at the earliest stage. In this paper experimental analyses of the interaction
and influence of relevant factors on production of thermal CtP flexo plate were done in
order to anticipate its behavior during future exploatation.
Keywords:
CtP flexo printin plate, thermal development
Tomislav Cigula, Sanja Mahović Poljaček, Miroslav Gojo
CHANGES OF THE SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS IN THE PLATE MAKING PROCESS
Abstract:
The most common printing technique today is lithography. The difference between printing
and nonprinting areas on a printing plate is accomplished by opposite physical and chemical
properties of those areas. The printing areas are made of photoactive layer that attracts oil
and chemical substances with oil solvent – printing inks. The nonprinting areas are made of
aluminium oxide which attracts water based substances – the fountain solution.
The aim of this paper was to determine how some parameters in plate making process
influence on surface properties of nonprinting areas. The investigated parameters were
developing time and exposure time. Contact angle between sample of fountain solution and
nonprinting areas on a printing plate was measured to observe surface properties of the
nonprinting areas. One can see that both parameters have significant influence on surface
characteristics of the nonprinting areas.
Keywords:
lithography, plate making process, contact angle
Nemanja Kašiković, Ivan Pinćjer
INVESTMENT EXAMPLE: TRANSFERING TO CTP TECHNOLOGY
Abstract:
Transfer from CtF to CtP technology is needed in order to fulfill requierments of printing houses
today which are faced with higher needs of quality, speed and price of graphic products. This
document will additionally elaborate investment return when transfering to CtP technology,
taking into account all costs which are included in CtF and benchmark with projected CtP technology
installation costs.
Keywords:
CtF technology, CtP technology
Branko Pejović, Vladan Mićić, Milovan Jotanović, Milorad Tomić, Dragoljub Novaković, Igor Karlović, Živko Pavlović, Željko Zeljković
THE APPLICATION OF PRINTING PLATES WITHOUT CONVENTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Abstract:
The implementation of new technologies in production proces, esepecialy when they gain the
reduction of residual whaste, have certain advantages. In the laste decade intensive
development of new technologies in processing of printing plates has reached important
changes. These changes are especially in the field of CtP process. The use of these
technologies in companies in the certain fields is rather neglected. In this paper special
attention was paid to this problem
Keywords:
computer, plate, CtP technology
Slobodan Nedeljković, Uroš Nedeljković
WHY DO WE NEED A NEW ALPHABETICAL CLASSIFICATION OF TYPEFACES?
Abstract:
The typographers in Serbia gladly accepted and used Vox’s actually ATP – classification
of typographic letters. This classification passed “the judgment of time” in Europe and all
around the world. This classification united the best from all previous systems, and as such,
become immortal.
But the question remains, does this classification suit the designers and printers in Serbia?
Definitely not, because it doesn’t recognize The Cyrillic or Greek letters. For that reason we
created a list of all possible alphabet categorization which contains Historical but also Modern
letters of alphabet (Latin and Cyrillic). How realistic is it, you’ll be able to see through its
diagrams and tabular alphabet terms. One of the ways to predict the future of this categorizing
is to read critics from our most important experts and the best educated typographers. Putting
Cyrillic and Greek letters in areas of European and world classifications as add-ins of ATP
eleventh group of letters, certainly this is not adequate, historical, or esthetic way, but let us
remind ourselves, European letters consist of three stated alphabets and only in this way, they
are adequate for Europe.
Keywords:
-
Uroš Nedeljković, Slobodan Nedeljković
UNIVERSAL TYPEFACE
Abstract:
This paper scrutinizes: Dialectic reflection of uncial, unique type of alphabet, on a project of
Universal typeface; The analysis of Bayer’s project elaboration on Universal typeface, and
observing and finding all deficiencies of uncommon doctrine kleinschreibung and typographic
letters inspired by constructivist-elementary style (like Universal type, Futura…); Interrogative
analysis of the need for modeling the new sublimated set of upper and lowercase characters in
form of universal typeface — unicase set.
Keywords:
-
Helena Gabrijelčič, Mojca Friškovec
THE USE OF GRAPHIC DESIGN IN SHAPE CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGN OF URBAN CAMOUFLAGE PATTERN
Abstract:
Advance design of camoufl age patterns for military purposes is focused on products, which con-
struction and color combination correspond to specifi c environment. A country with developed
military forces should thus be represented with various camoufl age patterns for different land-
scapes. Urban environment is one of these representative human places, which is very exposed
place beside camoufl age pattern for natural environment in wartime. Moreover, as the urban
environment in different countries has some similarities, there is also the possibility of the use
of universal urban camoufl age pattern. The aim of the research was the design and production
of urban camoufl age pattern for Slovene urban environment. Experimental part of the research
included image analysis of a large number of photos of urban places. Detected shapes and
sequences of Slovene urban environment were selected and digitally processed. The selected
shapes were classifi ed in representative groups, which were separated on the basis of the geo-
metrical properties of the shapes. Further, the computer aided design and composition of shapes
included gradation, rotation, translation and transformation. The design of the pattern was also
based on the preliminary researches of psychophysical response of the human visual system
on selected shapes and sequences. The result of the research was an urban camoufl age pattern
selected by the Slovene Ministry of defence.
Keywords:
camoufl age, urban, pattern, visual effects
Zorica Sokolovski
COMPREHENSION OF PICTOGRAMS
Abstract:
The aim of the research is to present the results of the testing carried out on children with special
needs in order to have the evidens of their comprehension of pictograms. The children tested in
the research belonged to the age group of teenagers between 15 and 17 year old intellectually
disabled children (IQ from 51 to 69). During the period from February to March 2008, 85
children attending a Secondary vocational school in Belgrade were subjected to testing. The
children were given four tests containing 100 pictograms they were asked to comprehend. It is
well known that these children find certain difficulties in communication as well as while using
practical adaptive skills. They are both mentally and physically retarded and have slowdawn
in visual perception development. The final results of the tests have shown us that the pupils
successfully comprehended the pictograms presenting object or activities as they are in reality.
On the other hand, both the abstract pictograms and the pictograms containing a big number
of symbols seemed unclear to them and thus confused them. All this indicates us that we should
educate children with special needs in order to teach them comprehend as many pictograms as
possible, so that they can understand what they see. In this way we help these children function
better in their surrounding and at the same time we help them in their social integration.
Keywords:
pictograms, testing, intellectually disabled children, education
Radoš Radivojević, Tijana Vučević
CAUSES AND FORMS OF MASS CULTURE MANIFESTATION
Abstract:
This paper analyses social and tehnical causes of genesis of mass culture and dominant forms
of its manifestation in different forms of creation.
Keywords:
mass culture, causes
Dejana Đorđević, Tadeja Muck
COMPARISON OF CLSM AND SEM ON UV INKJET PRINTS
Abstract:
Printability of nonabsorbtive and structured materials, quick drying of inks and printing without
use of volatile organic compounds, are the main reasons why UV inks have been spread to
classical as well as to digital printing techniques. UV inkjet printing technology has been
gaining popularity. In the following article two methods for analysis of UV inkjet prints,
confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), are
represented and compared to each other. CLSM is a method for nondestructive analysis of
prints with possibility to have an insight into printed surface in x, y as well as in z directions,
while SEM method is useful for analyzing prints surface and cross cut sections of printed
materials. Both microscopic methods are shown as very useful tools for analyzing the ink/paper
interaction. We found out that beside SEM, CLSM has opened many aspects in printing and
material sciences. As such it is becoming more and more indispensable research tool.
Keywords:
ink jet printing, UV technology, CLSM, SEM
Mirica Debeljak, Diana Gregor-Svetec
LIGHT FASTNESS OF UV PRINTS ON SYNTHETIC PAPER
Abstract:
The goal of our research was to investigate the light fastness of UV prints made on fibre
synthetic paper. CMYK prints with different colour intensity were printed with two different
UV ink-jet digital printers (Durst Rho 205, Grapo Octopus I). Samples were aged according
to the standard SIST ISO 12040:1997 with Xenotest for 72 hours. The difference in color
(ΔE*ab) and the difference in reflectance spectrums, which appeared after ageing, have been
determined. It was established that CMYK prints made by Grapo Octopus I obtained better
durability compared with those made by Durst Rho 205.
Keywords:
synthetic paper, UV inks, light fastness.
Roberto Pašić, Silvana Angelevska, Cvete Dimitrieska, Ilija Jolevski
AMPLITUDE MODULATED AND FREQUENCY MODULATED SCREENING IN MULTICOLOR OFFSET PRINTING
Abstract:
This work is based on analysis and experimental verification with aim to determine difference
in several printing attributes, on AM and FM screenings, at multicolor offset print.
Keywords:
Amplitude Modulated (AM) Screening, Frequency Modulated (FM) Screening,
Printing Attributes.
Ivan Pinćjer, Gojko Vladić, Darko Avramović, Nemanja Kašiković
ANALYSIS OF REPRODUCTION QUALITY OF AMPLITUDE MODULATED (AM) AND FREQUENCY MODULATED (FM) SCREENING IN OFFSET PRINTING
Abstract:
The purpose of this research study was to determine the significant differences that exist in the
measurable print attributes of AM vs. FM screening of multicolor offset printing. The findings
of this research comparing amplitude modulated screening with frequency modulated
screening lead to the conclusion that FM screening provides greater print contrast than AM
screening. This provides greater detail in the shadow areas of printed images. Again, further
study is needed to attempt greater control of variables in experiment.
Keywords:
halftone dot, gamut, AM and FM screening
Igor Karlović, Dragoljub Novaković, Tanja Stipančević, Ivana Tomić
THE INFLUENCE OF PRINT ENHANCEMENT WITH DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF AQUEOUS COATINGS ON THE COLOUR APPEARANCE
Abstract:
Print enhancement is a process in the graphic industry which enables the printed sheet to dry
quicker, it reduces the problems in print and it gives the print an appropriate visual effect and
thus it improves its attractiveness. Overprint varnishing as the most usual technique of print
surface enhancement can be applied with several types of varnishes and coatings and methods
of appliance. In this paper the influences of different amounts of water based aqueous coatings
applied to the reproduced colours on the print surface were investigated regarding the
changes in the colorimetric values which are observed as different visual appearances. The
results have shown that with the application of glossy aqueous coating the saturation of the
colours increases, while with the applied matt aqueous coating the saturation of the
reproduced colours is decreased. The results have also shown that the larger amount of the
glossy aqueous coating give more saturated, and the matt aqueous coating less saturated
colours from the prints enhanced with a smaller amount of coatings and from the prints
without any coatings.
Keywords:
coating, tone value, visual appearance
Erzsébet Novotny
COLOUR MANAGEMENT WITH STANDARD COLOUR PROFILES
Abstract:
These days cost-efficiency became one of the most important aspects of printing production.
Fortunately, standardisation also appeared on the scene for colour profiles in Colour
Managemet. Altona designed kit for proofing systems as well as conventional and digital
printing systems. Its files are available for use with all currently standard printing conditions.
We have products which are printed on thermo paper, paper suitable for laser printing or on
coated carton with a higher weight, with the continuous offset print process. We assume that
we can select a standardised Altona colour profile with only small compromises that provides
a colour rendering quality within the tolerance; in this way the high costs of creating an
individual colour profile in CMS are saved. This case study proves that it is worth applying
existing standards at least in part of our colour management.
Keywords:
Colour Management, colour profile, media standards
Vladimir Bišćan, Dorotea Agošton, Dragoljub Novaković
OVERCOMMING OBSTACLES OF RFIDA
Abstract:
This paper presents some of more significant drawbacks of RFID. Some of the solutions of this
technology implementation are shown. Research was conducted towards problems and solutions
of printed antennas. Reaons why there are still large prices of labels and why there is no globally
accepted standard are discussed.
Keywords:
RFID, condutive inks, printed antennas
Tadeja Muck, Marica Starešinič
DIFFERENT MEANING OF PRINTS
Abstract:
Our article presents an overview of the graphic field, about nonconventional printed
products, which can be named as “More than prints”. It includes applications of special inks,
2D barcodes, RFID tags and organic electronic devices as a new printed products.
The emergence of ink-jet printers and semiconductor inks together with conventional printing
technologies enables the creation of printable electronic devices. Most of the market for
printed electronic is now served by organic devices, like displays for electronic products,
smart packaging and lightning billboards, but inorganic devices are used as well in
production of antennas, antistatic coatings etc.Besides all above-mentioned products the bio printing and bio-inks are more and more important in the field of medicine.
Keywords:
special ink, RFID, bio-printing
Ristevski Blagojče, Dragoljub Novaković
CONTEMPORARY APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PACKAGING FORMS
Abstract:
This work present software package, which show us the possible forms to produce packaging.
There is a lot of idea during creating the wrapping form. With using of this program you can
get diferent solutions.
Keywords:
program, form, packaging
Gojko Vladić, Darko Avramović, Ivan Pinćjer
THE TASK OF MODERN SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR PACKAGING DESIGN
Abstract:
Packaging industry today has an obligation to provide innovative solutions, with a special
attention given to making a packaging of the product stick out from competition. To achieve
this goal beside good idea it is necessary to have a tools with ability to realize those ideas. This
paper pays special attention to assignments put before modeling software, so it would be able to
provide designer with the creative freedom in 3D modeling.
Keywords:
packaging, 3D modeling, software
Petra Balaban-Đurđev, Dragoljub Novaković, Bernadet Ćurčić
SURFACE TENSION OF THE POLYPROPYLENE PACKAGING FOILS IN THE FLEXO PRINTING PROCESS
Abstract:
Wetting that is ink acceptance onto the printing foils, as well as acceptance of ink over ink,
could be problematic if it comes to a change of surface tension. In that context, the changes of
surface tension on the polypropylene foil due to the effect of the printing process have been
tested. Calculation of the surface tension, performed on the basis of the contact angle value,
has revealed an increase of the surface tension between 10 % and 11 % after printing. Finally,
the reliability of the obtained results has been analysed.
Keywords:
Surface tension, polypropylene packaging foils, flexo printing
Magdolna Apro, Dragoljub Novaković, Ivan Jasić
INVESTIGATION OF THE OPTIMAL WORKING PARAMETERS OF MODERN FOLDING SISTEMS
Abstract:
In the folding process the outer layers of the fold are subject to tensile stresses, while the inner
layers of the fold are compressed. Papers with different surface characteristics have different
behavior under these stresses. With the proper adjustments of the modern folding systems we
can avoid surface damages on the coated paper. The paper gives a proposal for modification of
adjustments of the modern folding systems, in function of the surface characteristics of papers,
in order to improve folding characteristics.
The results show the tendency of improvement of
folding quality with the increase of distance between of folding rolls.
Keywords:
folding, surface damage
Petra Stevanović
USAGE OF TRANSPARENT POLYPROPYLENE PACKAGING FOR FRUIT YOGHURT
Abstract:
More and more polymer containers are used for packing up food products because of their
good quality. Among the rest of polymer materials, the best barrier characteristics has
polypropylene because of his very little permeability on gases, vapour of water and light. The
light accelerates the changes which decrease nutritive value and the expiration date of the
product.Time in which the product is kept without any change below minimum quality is called
expiration date. The right selection of packaging can prolong the durability of the product.
Keywords:
packaging, polypropylene, packing
D. Donevski, D. Banić, D. Milčić
APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL METHODS ON THE PRINT PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Abstract:
Statistical methods are important for evaluation of industrial processes. This paper
investigates and evaluates the processes in two printing houses. The hypothesis is that the
printing house which has a standardized process achieves greater level of quality of final
products. The paper describes needed measurements, standards which define the process and
statistical tools which provide insight in the state of quality. The analysis provides the data
which can be used to correct the process in order to achieve greater levels of quality.
Keywords:
quality control, process control, offset printing
Branko Savić
RISK ASSESSMENT METHODS IN PRINTING INDUSTRY
Abstract:
The introductory part of the paper gives a statistic survey of injuries in printing industry in
recent years in order to make it clear to what elements should we pay special attention in risk
assessment in this particular branch of industry. This is followed by the selection and
adjustment of a risk assessment method. In the final part of the paper are analyzed the printing
industry processes from the aspect of possible risks regarding the machines and devices
present in most printing shops in the region, which are statistically proven to have the highest
risk of accidents, hence the risk assessment method has been applied there to determine the
risk.
Keywords:
risk assessment, accidents, printing industry.
Zoran Gazibarić
IMPROVEMENT OF PRINTING ESTIMATING
Abstract:
This work will present the complexity level of making the calculation, as the activity that
preceded to the supply, and an option of automation. A long - years experience in the making
the calculation, showed that use of Microsoft Excel program might considerably speed up
making the calculation and reduce the number of errors. Tables presented within this paper,
show a complex level based on modular system, very simple for upgrading and optimization in
the concrete production terms in printing shops having a different level of equipment. All
equations used in the tables were based on recommended (table) scale of norms and
consumption of paints, paper and other processing materials used in printing industry.
On the basis of the results come out from the use of this program in two printing shops and in
period for three years, it may be concluded that it was fulfilled the task of calculation process
improvement.
Keywords:
calculation, equations, scale
Željko Zeljković, Dragoljub Novaković, Igor Karlović
MODERN APPROACH TO IDENTIFICATION PROCESSES PARAMETERS OFSET PRINTING
Abstract:
Graphical system is a complex interactive machine with a large number of process parameters
which are directly or indirectly related to the reproduction quality. Identification of process
parameters and their control are of special importance for the quality of reproduction.
The paper shortly reports on the development of a model of the software system for the control
of process parameters aimed at providing quality reproduction.
Keywords:
process parameters, controllability, reproduction
Darko Avramović
XSL-FO - Overview and possibilities
Abstract:
This paper presents XSL-FO basics, basic source code samples and way of function. I
presented basic output documents creation workflow.
Keywords:
-
Rozalia Szentgyörgyvölgyi
APPLICATION JDF IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED PRINT MEDIA COMPANIES
Abstract:
The graphic arts industry is a changing industry. Through smaller runs and shorter delivery
times, printing companies need to optimize theír processes to produce economically in today's
economic situation. For small and middle-sized print media companies it is a chellenge to go
with the new developments. The goal is optimalization of processes through networking with,
end-to-end workflow system. JDF (Job Definition Format) is a manufacturer-independent job
data exchange format based on XML. It is enables the machines from different manufacturers
to be networked. The subject this work is to explain JDF networking demands witch need for
small and middle-sized prin media companies.
Keywords:
JDF, Operational Data Recording, Network
Ivana Đermanović, Sanja Vojvodić, Željka Barbarić-Mikočević
TREATMANT OF COATED PAPER WITH H2O2 SOLUTIONS DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION
Abstract:
In this work the influence of hydrogen peroxide on Fedrigoni coated print paper in gloss and
mat form was examined. The research was conducted by changing concentration of hydrogen
peroxide, time and velocity of mixing. Afterwards, a loss of mass and amount of calcium
carbonate were measured. The two groups of analysis were done. One group of analysis was
with rinsing the soaked sample with distilled water and the other group was without rinsing.
The results have shown that hydrogen peroxide have significant influence on that chosen
samples. Increasing of hydrogen peroxide concentration reduce the loss of mass, but at the
same time after rinsing those soaked sample with distilled water the loss of mass is much
higher. It is interesting that hydrogen peroxide have much higher influence on mat coated
paper before rinsing and much higher influence on gloss coated paper after rinsing with
distilled water.
Keywords:
hydrogen peroxide, coated paper
Miljana Prica, Јelena Kiurski, Julija Fišl
FEASABILITY OF ZINC IMOBILIZATION FROM GRAPHIC WASTEWATER AND SEDIMENT IN CEMENT MATRIX
Abstract:
Cement based stabilization/solidification process was used to immobilize zinc from
contaminated sediment and graphic wastewater. Semi-dynamic leaching tests was used for the
evaluation of cement based stabilization/solidification. The S/S effectiveness was evaluated by
calculating effective diffusion coefficients (De) and leachability indices (LX). Treatment was
most effective in samples treated with higher percentage of cement. Upon treatment LX values
were higher than 9, suggesting that S/S treated samples are acceptable for “controlled
utilization”. The results obtained by leaching tests showed that cement addition signficantly
lowers the metal concentration in liquid phase.
Keywords:
metals, sediment, graphic waste water, cement
Ivana Radin, Jelena Kiurski, Mirjana Vojinović Miloradov, Mirjana Prica, Julija Fišl
WASTE MANAGEMENT OF OFFSET PRINTING
Abstract:
The posibility of application of the best management practices of graphic waste is represented
in this paper. Three aspects were considered: reduce, reuse and recycling of offset printing
waste. The most important object of graphic industry is achieving the minimization of the
waste with applying one of the considered aspects.
Keywords:
waste, waste management, offset printing
Jelena Krstić, Jelena Kiurski, Mirjana Vojinović Miloradov, Miljana Prica, Julija Fišl
INFLUENCE OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ON GRAPHIC ENVIRONEMNT
Abstract:
The influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on graphic environment is referred in this
paper. The kinds of polycyclic aromatic compounds involved in different production steps of
graphic industry were defined and explained the importance of PAHs detection. Suggested
safeguard for reducing imission of toxic compounds in graphic environment is given.
Keywords:
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, graphic environment, pollution