INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GRAPHIC ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

Abstract:
Actual trends of development in graphic technology are always been in the focus of interes for those who are developing as well as for those who are taking advantage from it. Condition and trends have been a decisive factor in production and destination to development. In this paper an attempt is made to present and answer questions on to challenges of the present moment and the future.
Keywords:
development, graphic technology

Abstract:
Numerous printing companies are exploiting the opportunities furnished by the European market, but there is severe competition among the printers in their home countries, as well as among other businesses within Europe. To maintain low costs of labour, the printers not only relocate their operations within Europe, they also move to China, although Europe has become an important new market for China. China has become one of the leading countries in the printing industry, but it is trying to go a step further through technological innovation.
Keywords:
Europe, China, Printing

Abstract:
The entire graphic image is just one part of the symbol identity system which incorporates exclusively organized visible stimulations which are included in art structures by graphic designers. The principal purpose of the research paper is the creation of the entire graphic image that covers study programmes Textiles Technology, Graphic Arts Technology and Textiles Design of the Department of Textiles at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering of the University of Ljubljana, which thus offers a solution to many years of unrecognizability among professionals and public. When preparing the research paper, the knowledge of art rules, the determination of the strategic definition and the research which was carried out to define organization’s realistic identity played an important role. Within the research, we created promotional materials that were used at the presentation of study programmes at the “doors open day” in 2008. Finished materials had to include the textile and graphic area as individual fields and at the same time combine them into a whole. We had to make materials interesting and creative for the young who are our target group. At the same time, these materials had to be ‘serious’ enough to serve as general promotional material and to be well accepted among partners and other (potential) institutions which the department could cooperate with.
Keywords:
entire graphic image, promotional material, Department of Textiles at University of Ljubljana

Abstract:
The Balkan Print Forum (BPF) is an initiative of the Bulgarian Printing Industry Federation and manroland AG, world's leading printing systems manufacturer. The First BPF took place in Bulgaria at the end of October 2006. The main item on the agenda was the formation of a Forum made up of the printing associations of the Balkan countries. Co-initiator manroland AG took over the patronage of the project. The Second BPF took place in November 2007 in Greece, and the Third Forum – in October 2008 in Turkey. Participants in the Forum are managers and members of the National Printers Federations of Albania, Bosna and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia, Greece, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Turkey. With the support of the patron a programme for joint activities and mutual assistance is planed to start at the beginning of 2009.
Keywords:
Balkan Print Forum

Abstract:
Fountain solution used in offset printing technique comprises of water and additives which improve its characteristics and satisfy the printing requirements. There are several parameters which have to be stressed: absolute hardness, carbonate hardness of solution, pH value of solution, electric conductivity. Because of their ability they could cause certain differences in general characteristics of fountain solution. The aim of this research was comparison of the fountain solutions' used in sheet and web offset in which the mentioned parameters were added in different concentrations. 33 Absolute hardness and carbonate hardness were measured with Merck test, pH value and electric conductivity with pH-meter and conductometer, respectively. The tests were made at the room temperature of 20 °C. Results have shown that additive for the regulation of water hardness directly cause changes in absolute and carbonate water hardness, as well as changes in pH value and electric conductivity. In addition, additives used in preparation of fountain solution cause differences in its chemical parameters. Depending on additive type, pH value decreases with apparent puffer activities. Considering the fact that those additives dissociate in water, the number of charge bearer increases and consequently, cause the increasing of electric conductivity. The addition of the surface active component 2-propanol has not caused any significance changes in pH value neither in water hardness, but it has caused the decreasing of the electric conductivity. pH value and electric conductivity are the only parameters that can be measured during the printing process which enable regulation of the fountain solution content and consequently, the adjustment of the printing process quality.
Keywords:
fountain solution, offset printing, pH value, specific electric conductivity

Abstract:
One of the relevant elements which defines flexoprinting process is a printig plate. In order to anticipate print quality, it is nessesary to control and examine all the variables which influence printing plate production at the earliest stage. In this paper experimental analyses of the interaction and influence of relevant factors on production of thermal CtP flexo plate were done in order to anticipate its behavior during future exploatation.
Keywords:
CtP flexo printin plate, thermal development

Abstract:
The most common printing technique today is lithography. The difference between printing and nonprinting areas on a printing plate is accomplished by opposite physical and chemical properties of those areas. The printing areas are made of photoactive layer that attracts oil and chemical substances with oil solvent – printing inks. The nonprinting areas are made of aluminium oxide which attracts water based substances – the fountain solution. The aim of this paper was to determine how some parameters in plate making process influence on surface properties of nonprinting areas. The investigated parameters were developing time and exposure time. Contact angle between sample of fountain solution and nonprinting areas on a printing plate was measured to observe surface properties of the nonprinting areas. One can see that both parameters have significant influence on surface characteristics of the nonprinting areas.
Keywords:
lithography, plate making process, contact angle

Abstract:
Transfer from CtF to CtP technology is needed in order to fulfill requierments of printing houses today which are faced with higher needs of quality, speed and price of graphic products. This document will additionally elaborate investment return when transfering to CtP technology, taking into account all costs which are included in CtF and benchmark with projected CtP technology installation costs.
Keywords:
CtF technology, CtP technology

Abstract:
The implementation of new technologies in production proces, esepecialy when they gain the reduction of residual whaste, have certain advantages. In the laste decade intensive development of new technologies in processing of printing plates has reached important changes. These changes are especially in the field of CtP process. The use of these technologies in companies in the certain fields is rather neglected. In this paper special attention was paid to this problem
Keywords:
computer, plate, CtP technology

Abstract:
The typographers in Serbia gladly accepted and used Vox’s actually ATP – classification of typographic letters. This classification passed “the judgment of time” in Europe and all around the world. This classification united the best from all previous systems, and as such, become immortal. But the question remains, does this classification suit the designers and printers in Serbia? Definitely not, because it doesn’t recognize The Cyrillic or Greek letters. For that reason we created a list of all possible alphabet categorization which contains Historical but also Modern letters of alphabet (Latin and Cyrillic). How realistic is it, you’ll be able to see through its diagrams and tabular alphabet terms. One of the ways to predict the future of this categorizing is to read critics from our most important experts and the best educated typographers. Putting Cyrillic and Greek letters in areas of European and world classifications as add-ins of ATP eleventh group of letters, certainly this is not adequate, historical, or esthetic way, but let us remind ourselves, European letters consist of three stated alphabets and only in this way, they are adequate for Europe.
Keywords:
-

Abstract:
This paper scrutinizes: Dialectic reflection of uncial, unique type of alphabet, on a project of Universal typeface; The analysis of Bayer’s project elaboration on Universal typeface, and observing and finding all deficiencies of uncommon doctrine kleinschreibung and typographic letters inspired by constructivist-elementary style (like Universal type, Futura…); Interrogative analysis of the need for modeling the new sublimated set of upper and lowercase characters in form of universal typeface — unicase set.
Keywords:
-

Abstract:
Advance design of camoufl age patterns for military purposes is focused on products, which con- struction and color combination correspond to specifi c environment. A country with developed military forces should thus be represented with various camoufl age patterns for different land- scapes. Urban environment is one of these representative human places, which is very exposed place beside camoufl age pattern for natural environment in wartime. Moreover, as the urban environment in different countries has some similarities, there is also the possibility of the use of universal urban camoufl age pattern. The aim of the research was the design and production of urban camoufl age pattern for Slovene urban environment. Experimental part of the research included image analysis of a large number of photos of urban places. Detected shapes and sequences of Slovene urban environment were selected and digitally processed. The selected shapes were classifi ed in representative groups, which were separated on the basis of the geo- metrical properties of the shapes. Further, the computer aided design and composition of shapes included gradation, rotation, translation and transformation. The design of the pattern was also based on the preliminary researches of psychophysical response of the human visual system on selected shapes and sequences. The result of the research was an urban camoufl age pattern selected by the Slovene Ministry of defence.
Keywords:
camoufl age, urban, pattern, visual effects

Abstract:
The aim of the research is to present the results of the testing carried out on children with special needs in order to have the evidens of their comprehension of pictograms. The children tested in the research belonged to the age group of teenagers between 15 and 17 year old intellectually disabled children (IQ from 51 to 69). During the period from February to March 2008, 85 children attending a Secondary vocational school in Belgrade were subjected to testing. The children were given four tests containing 100 pictograms they were asked to comprehend. It is well known that these children find certain difficulties in communication as well as while using practical adaptive skills. They are both mentally and physically retarded and have slowdawn in visual perception development. The final results of the tests have shown us that the pupils successfully comprehended the pictograms presenting object or activities as they are in reality. On the other hand, both the abstract pictograms and the pictograms containing a big number of symbols seemed unclear to them and thus confused them. All this indicates us that we should educate children with special needs in order to teach them comprehend as many pictograms as possible, so that they can understand what they see. In this way we help these children function better in their surrounding and at the same time we help them in their social integration.
Keywords:
pictograms, testing, intellectually disabled children, education

Abstract:
This paper analyses social and tehnical causes of genesis of mass culture and dominant forms of its manifestation in different forms of creation.
Keywords:
mass culture, causes

Abstract:
Printability of nonabsorbtive and structured materials, quick drying of inks and printing without use of volatile organic compounds, are the main reasons why UV inks have been spread to classical as well as to digital printing techniques. UV inkjet printing technology has been gaining popularity. In the following article two methods for analysis of UV inkjet prints, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), are represented and compared to each other. CLSM is a method for nondestructive analysis of prints with possibility to have an insight into printed surface in x, y as well as in z directions, while SEM method is useful for analyzing prints surface and cross cut sections of printed materials. Both microscopic methods are shown as very useful tools for analyzing the ink/paper interaction. We found out that beside SEM, CLSM has opened many aspects in printing and material sciences. As such it is becoming more and more indispensable research tool.
Keywords:
ink jet printing, UV technology, CLSM, SEM

Abstract:
The goal of our research was to investigate the light fastness of UV prints made on fibre synthetic paper. CMYK prints with different colour intensity were printed with two different UV ink-jet digital printers (Durst Rho 205, Grapo Octopus I). Samples were aged according to the standard SIST ISO 12040:1997 with Xenotest for 72 hours. The difference in color (ΔE*ab) and the difference in reflectance spectrums, which appeared after ageing, have been determined. It was established that CMYK prints made by Grapo Octopus I obtained better durability compared with those made by Durst Rho 205.
Keywords:
synthetic paper, UV inks, light fastness.

Abstract:
This work is based on analysis and experimental verification with aim to determine difference in several printing attributes, on AM and FM screenings, at multicolor offset print.
Keywords:
Amplitude Modulated (AM) Screening, Frequency Modulated (FM) Screening, Printing Attributes.

Abstract:
The purpose of this research study was to determine the significant differences that exist in the measurable print attributes of AM vs. FM screening of multicolor offset printing. The findings of this research comparing amplitude modulated screening with frequency modulated screening lead to the conclusion that FM screening provides greater print contrast than AM screening. This provides greater detail in the shadow areas of printed images. Again, further study is needed to attempt greater control of variables in experiment.
Keywords:
halftone dot, gamut, AM and FM screening

Abstract:
Print enhancement is a process in the graphic industry which enables the printed sheet to dry quicker, it reduces the problems in print and it gives the print an appropriate visual effect and thus it improves its attractiveness. Overprint varnishing as the most usual technique of print surface enhancement can be applied with several types of varnishes and coatings and methods of appliance. In this paper the influences of different amounts of water based aqueous coatings applied to the reproduced colours on the print surface were investigated regarding the changes in the colorimetric values which are observed as different visual appearances. The results have shown that with the application of glossy aqueous coating the saturation of the colours increases, while with the applied matt aqueous coating the saturation of the reproduced colours is decreased. The results have also shown that the larger amount of the glossy aqueous coating give more saturated, and the matt aqueous coating less saturated colours from the prints enhanced with a smaller amount of coatings and from the prints without any coatings.
Keywords:
coating, tone value, visual appearance

Abstract:
These days cost-efficiency became one of the most important aspects of printing production. Fortunately, standardisation also appeared on the scene for colour profiles in Colour Managemet. Altona designed kit for proofing systems as well as conventional and digital printing systems. Its files are available for use with all currently standard printing conditions. We have products which are printed on thermo paper, paper suitable for laser printing or on coated carton with a higher weight, with the continuous offset print process. We assume that we can select a standardised Altona colour profile with only small compromises that provides a colour rendering quality within the tolerance; in this way the high costs of creating an individual colour profile in CMS are saved. This case study proves that it is worth applying existing standards at least in part of our colour management.
Keywords:
Colour Management, colour profile, media standards

Abstract:
This paper presents some of more significant drawbacks of RFID. Some of the solutions of this technology implementation are shown. Research was conducted towards problems and solutions of printed antennas. Reaons why there are still large prices of labels and why there is no globally accepted standard are discussed.
Keywords:
RFID, condutive inks, printed antennas

Abstract:
Our article presents an overview of the graphic field, about nonconventional printed products, which can be named as “More than prints”. It includes applications of special inks, 2D barcodes, RFID tags and organic electronic devices as a new printed products. The emergence of ink-jet printers and semiconductor inks together with conventional printing technologies enables the creation of printable electronic devices. Most of the market for printed electronic is now served by organic devices, like displays for electronic products, smart packaging and lightning billboards, but inorganic devices are used as well in production of antennas, antistatic coatings etc.Besides all above-mentioned products the bio printing and bio-inks are more and more important in the field of medicine.
Keywords:
special ink, RFID, bio-printing

Abstract:
This work present software package, which show us the possible forms to produce packaging. There is a lot of idea during creating the wrapping form. With using of this program you can get diferent solutions.
Keywords:
program, form, packaging

Abstract:
Packaging industry today has an obligation to provide innovative solutions, with a special attention given to making a packaging of the product stick out from competition. To achieve this goal beside good idea it is necessary to have a tools with ability to realize those ideas. This paper pays special attention to assignments put before modeling software, so it would be able to provide designer with the creative freedom in 3D modeling.
Keywords:
packaging, 3D modeling, software

Abstract:
Wetting that is ink acceptance onto the printing foils, as well as acceptance of ink over ink, could be problematic if it comes to a change of surface tension. In that context, the changes of surface tension on the polypropylene foil due to the effect of the printing process have been tested. Calculation of the surface tension, performed on the basis of the contact angle value, has revealed an increase of the surface tension between 10 % and 11 % after printing. Finally, the reliability of the obtained results has been analysed.
Keywords:
Surface tension, polypropylene packaging foils, flexo printing

Abstract:
In the folding process the outer layers of the fold are subject to tensile stresses, while the inner layers of the fold are compressed. Papers with different surface characteristics have different behavior under these stresses. With the proper adjustments of the modern folding systems we can avoid surface damages on the coated paper. The paper gives a proposal for modification of adjustments of the modern folding systems, in function of the surface characteristics of papers, in order to improve folding characteristics. The results show the tendency of improvement of folding quality with the increase of distance between of folding rolls.
Keywords:
folding, surface damage

Abstract:
More and more polymer containers are used for packing up food products because of their good quality. Among the rest of polymer materials, the best barrier characteristics has polypropylene because of his very little permeability on gases, vapour of water and light. The light accelerates the changes which decrease nutritive value and the expiration date of the product.Time in which the product is kept without any change below minimum quality is called expiration date. The right selection of packaging can prolong the durability of the product.
Keywords:
packaging, polypropylene, packing

Abstract:
Statistical methods are important for evaluation of industrial processes. This paper investigates and evaluates the processes in two printing houses. The hypothesis is that the printing house which has a standardized process achieves greater level of quality of final products. The paper describes needed measurements, standards which define the process and statistical tools which provide insight in the state of quality. The analysis provides the data which can be used to correct the process in order to achieve greater levels of quality.
Keywords:
quality control, process control, offset printing

Abstract:
The introductory part of the paper gives a statistic survey of injuries in printing industry in recent years in order to make it clear to what elements should we pay special attention in risk assessment in this particular branch of industry. This is followed by the selection and adjustment of a risk assessment method. In the final part of the paper are analyzed the printing industry processes from the aspect of possible risks regarding the machines and devices present in most printing shops in the region, which are statistically proven to have the highest risk of accidents, hence the risk assessment method has been applied there to determine the risk.
Keywords:
risk assessment, accidents, printing industry.

Abstract:
This work will present the complexity level of making the calculation, as the activity that preceded to the supply, and an option of automation. A long - years experience in the making the calculation, showed that use of Microsoft Excel program might considerably speed up making the calculation and reduce the number of errors. Tables presented within this paper, show a complex level based on modular system, very simple for upgrading and optimization in the concrete production terms in printing shops having a different level of equipment. All equations used in the tables were based on recommended (table) scale of norms and consumption of paints, paper and other processing materials used in printing industry. On the basis of the results come out from the use of this program in two printing shops and in period for three years, it may be concluded that it was fulfilled the task of calculation process improvement.
Keywords:
calculation, equations, scale

Abstract:
Graphical system is a complex interactive machine with a large number of process parameters which are directly or indirectly related to the reproduction quality. Identification of process parameters and their control are of special importance for the quality of reproduction. The paper shortly reports on the development of a model of the software system for the control of process parameters aimed at providing quality reproduction.
Keywords:
process parameters, controllability, reproduction

Abstract:
This paper presents XSL-FO basics, basic source code samples and way of function. I presented basic output documents creation workflow.
Keywords:
-

Abstract:
The graphic arts industry is a changing industry. Through smaller runs and shorter delivery times, printing companies need to optimize theír processes to produce economically in today's economic situation. For small and middle-sized print media companies it is a chellenge to go with the new developments. The goal is optimalization of processes through networking with, end-to-end workflow system. JDF (Job Definition Format) is a manufacturer-independent job data exchange format based on XML. It is enables the machines from different manufacturers to be networked. The subject this work is to explain JDF networking demands witch need for small and middle-sized prin media companies.
Keywords:
JDF, Operational Data Recording, Network

Abstract:
In this work the influence of hydrogen peroxide on Fedrigoni coated print paper in gloss and mat form was examined. The research was conducted by changing concentration of hydrogen peroxide, time and velocity of mixing. Afterwards, a loss of mass and amount of calcium carbonate were measured. The two groups of analysis were done. One group of analysis was with rinsing the soaked sample with distilled water and the other group was without rinsing. The results have shown that hydrogen peroxide have significant influence on that chosen samples. Increasing of hydrogen peroxide concentration reduce the loss of mass, but at the same time after rinsing those soaked sample with distilled water the loss of mass is much higher. It is interesting that hydrogen peroxide have much higher influence on mat coated paper before rinsing and much higher influence on gloss coated paper after rinsing with distilled water.
Keywords:
hydrogen peroxide, coated paper

Abstract:
Cement based stabilization/solidification process was used to immobilize zinc from contaminated sediment and graphic wastewater. Semi-dynamic leaching tests was used for the evaluation of cement based stabilization/solidification. The S/S effectiveness was evaluated by calculating effective diffusion coefficients (De) and leachability indices (LX). Treatment was most effective in samples treated with higher percentage of cement. Upon treatment LX values were higher than 9, suggesting that S/S treated samples are acceptable for “controlled utilization”. The results obtained by leaching tests showed that cement addition signficantly lowers the metal concentration in liquid phase.
Keywords:
metals, sediment, graphic waste water, cement

Abstract:
The posibility of application of the best management practices of graphic waste is represented in this paper. Three aspects were considered: reduce, reuse and recycling of offset printing waste. The most important object of graphic industry is achieving the minimization of the waste with applying one of the considered aspects.
Keywords:
waste, waste management, offset printing

Abstract:
The influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on graphic environment is referred in this paper. The kinds of polycyclic aromatic compounds involved in different production steps of graphic industry were defined and explained the importance of PAHs detection. Suggested safeguard for reducing imission of toxic compounds in graphic environment is given.
Keywords:
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, graphic environment, pollution